Density of 500+ common liquid substances
Density of liquid compounds including acetone, water, alcohol...
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1. Physical Principle & Formula
The density of a compound is one of the most important data points to know in order to perform Process Engineering Designs. It can be calculated by sampling a volume \(V\) of the liquid, then measuring the weight (mass) \(m\) of this volume \(V\) of liquid. The density \(\rho\) is defined mathematically as:
\[\rho = \frac{m}{V}\]
Where:
- \(\rho\) = density (\(\text{kg/m}^3\) or \(\text{lb/ft}^3\))
- \(m\) = mass of liquid (\(\text{kg}\) or \(\text{lb}\))
- \(V\) = volume occupied by the liquid (\(\text{m}^3\) or \(\text{ft}^3\))
The density of liquids depends heavily on the temperature. As temperature increases, liquids typically expand, increasing volume \(V\) and thus decreasing overall density \(\rho\).
⚠️ ENGINEERING NOTICE & EDUCATIONAL DISCLAIMER: This interactive calculator is provided exclusively for preliminary estimation and educational purposes. It is not intended for detailed design or equipment procurement without certified vendor rating. No warranty, expressed or implied, is provided, and no liability is assumed.
📊 Interactive Density Calculator & Lookup
Calculated / Looked Up Properties
Density (\(\rho\)):
998.00 kg/m³
Equivalent g/cm³ / Specific Gravity:
0.998
Density in lb/ft³:
62.30 lb/ft³
Density in lb/gal (US):
8.33 lb/gal
💡 Plant Engineering Rules of Thumb & Safety Limits
- Temperature Coefficient: Standard hydrocarbons lose roughly \(0.8\text{ to }1.2\text{ kg/m}^3\) of density per degree Celsius rise. Precision is mandatory when sizing dynamic pumps.
- Piping Velocity Limits: Design standard liquid line velocities between \(1.0 - 1.5\text{ m/s}\) to balance piping head loss and minimize erosion hazards.
- NPSH Suction Safeguard: High-density or high-vapor pressure fluids (like halogenated solvents or light liquefied hydrocarbons) require significantly lower suction line velocities (\(0.5 - 0.8\text{ m/s}\)) to avoid localized cavitation.
- Specific Gravity Reference: Always reference water at \(4^\circ\text{C}\) (\(1000\text{ kg/m}^3\) or \(62.43\text{ lb/ft}^3\)) for specific gravity computations.
Please find below a comprehensive reference table of common chemical compounds and their physical density at a given temperature, aggregated from academic and industrial design standards. The substances are arranged alphabetically for rapid visual searching.
Compound List & Density Data: Acetaldehyde to Carene
| Compound Name | Temperature (°C) | Density (kg/m³) |
|---|---|---|
| Acetaldehyde | 18 | 783 |
| Acetaldehyde | 20 | 788 |
| Acetaldehyde | 30 | 748 |
| Acetic Acid | 25 | 1049.1 |
| Acetic Acid | 25 | 1049 |
| Acetic acid | 20 | 1048 |
| Acetic acid anhydride | 20 | 1084 |
| Acetone | 25 | 784.58 |
| Acetone | 25 | 784.6 |
| Acetone | 20 | 790 |
| Acetonitrile | 20 | 782.2 |
| Acetonitrile | 20 | 783 |
| Acrolein | 20 | 840 |
| Acrolonitrile | 25 | 801 |
| Alcohol, ethyl | 25 | 785.06 |
| Alcohol, ethyl (ethanol) | 25 | 785.1 |
| Alcohol, methyl | 25 | 786.51 |
| Alcohol, methyl (methanol) | 25 | 786.5 |
| Alcohol, propyl | 25 | 799.96 |
| Alcohol, propyl | 25 | 800 |
| Allyl alcohol | 20 | 852 |
| Allyl alcohol | 30 | 848 |
| Allyl alcohol | 40 | 844 |
| Allyl chloride | 20 | 940 |
| Almond kernel oil | 25 | 910 |
| Aluminium chloride [5% sol] | 20 | 1030 |
| Aluminium nitrate [10% sol] | 20 | 1051 |
| Aluminium sulphate [10% sol] | 20 | 1115 |
| Alyllamine | 20 | 758 |
| Ammonia (aqua) | 25 | 823.35 |
| Ammonia (aqua) | 25 | 823.5 |
| Amyl acetate | 20 | 885 |
| Analine | 25 | 1018.93 |
| Aniline | 25 | 1019 |
| Aniline | 10 | 1030 |
| Aniline | 20 | 1021 |
| Anisole | 20 | 994 |
| Apricot kernel oil | 25 | 910 |
| Argan seed oil | 20 | 912 |
| Automobile oils | 15 | 910 |
| Avacado pulp oil | 25 | 912 |
| Babassu palm oil | 25 | 914 |
| Beef tallow | 25 | 902 |
| Beer | 20 | 996 |
| Beer (varies) | 10 | 1010 |
| Benzaldehyde | 25 | 1040 |
| Benzene | 25 | 873.81 |
| Benzene | 25 | 873.8 |
| Benzene | 20 | 879 |
| Benzene | 30 | 868 |
| Benzene | 40 | 858 |
| Benzene | 50 | 847 |
| Benzene | 60 | 836 |
| Benzil | 25 | 1079.64 |
| Benzil | 15 | 1230 |
| Benzyl alcohol | 20 | 1045 |
| Blackcurrant oil | 20 | 923 |
| Borneo tallow | 100 | 855 |
| Brine | 15 | 1230 |
| Bromine | 25 | 3120.4 |
| Bromine | 20 | 3120 |
| Butanal | 20 | 802 |
| Butane | 25 | 599.09 |
| Butterfat | 15 | 934 |
| Butyl acetate | 20 | 885 |
| Butyl alcohol | 20 | 810 |
| Butyl alcohol | 30 | 803 |
| Butyric Acid | 20 | 959 |
| Butyric acid n | 0 | 977 |
| Butyric acid n | 10 | 967 |
| Butyric acid n | 20 | 957 |
| Calcium chloride [25% sol] | 20 | 1227 |
| Calcium chloride [5% sol] | 20 | 1037 |
| Cameline oil | 15 | 924 |
| Canola rapeseed oil | 20 | 915 |
| Caproic acid | 25 | 921.06 |
| Carbolic acid | 20 | 1078 |
| Carbon disulfide | 25 | 1260.97 |
| Carbon disulphide | 20 | 1262 |
| Carbon tetrachloride | 25 | 1584.39 |
| Carene | 25 | 856.99 |
Compound List & Density Data: Cashew Nut Oil to Ether
| Compound Name | Temperature (°C) | Density (kg/m³) |
|---|---|---|
| Cashew nut oil | 15 | 914 |
| Castor oil | 25 | 956.14 |
| Castor oil | 20 | 960 |
| Castor oil | 30 | 955 |
| Castor oil | 40 | 950 |
| Castor oil | 50 | 945 |
| Cherry kernel oil | 25 | 918 |
| Chicken fat | 15 | 918 |
| China wood oil | 20 | 933 |
| Chloride | 25 | 1559.88 |
| Chlorobenzene | 20 | 1105.8 |
| Chloroform | 20 | 1489.2 |
| Chloroform | 25 | 1465 |
| Citric acid | 25 | 1659.51 |
| Coconut oil | 40 | 930 |
| Corn oil | 20 | 919 |
| Cotton seed oil | 15 | 925.87 |
| Cotton seed oil | 20 | 920 |
| Creosote | 15 | 1066.83 |
| Cresol | 25 | 1023.58 |
| Crude oil, 32.6° API | 15.6 | 862 |
| Crude oil, 40° API | 15.6 | 825 |
| Cumene | 25 | 860.19 |
| Cyclohexane | 20 | 778.5 |
| Cyclopentane | 20 | 745.4 |
| Decane | 25 | 726.28 |
| Dichlor dichloromethane | 20 | 1326 |
| Diethylene glycol | 15 | 1120 |
| Dimethyl Sulfoxide | 20 | 1100.4 |
| Dodecane | 25 | 754.63 |
| Ether | 25 | 713.5 |
Compound List & Density Data: Ethyl Acetate to Oxygen Liquid
| Compound Name | Temperature (°C) | Density (kg/m³) |
|---|---|---|
| Ethyl Acetate | 20 | 900.6 |
| Ethyl Alcohol | 20 | 789.2 |
| Ethyl Ether | 20 | 713.3 |
| Ethylene glycol | 25 | 1096.78 |
| Formaldehyde | 45 | 812.14 |
| Glycerin | 25 | 1259.37 |
| Heptane | 25 | 679.5 |
| Hexane | 25 | 654.83 |
| Hydrazine | 25 | 794.52 |
| Iso-Octane | 20 | 691.9 |
| Kerosene | 15.6 | 817.15 |
| Linseed oil | 25 | 929.07 |
| Mercury | 20 | 13570 |
| Methane | -164 | 464.54 |
| Methanol | 20 | 791.3 |
| Milk | 15 | 1035 |
| Olive oil | 20 | 911 |
| Oxygen (liquid) | -183 | 1140 |
| Water | 4 | 1000 |
| Water | 20 | 998 |
| Water | 100 | 958 |