Steam tables
Saturated steam - enthalpy, entropy, specific volume, as a function of pressure and temperature
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1. Data table
Interactive Saturated Steam Property Calculator
⚠️ ENGINEERING NOTICE & EDUCATIONAL DISCLAIMER: This interactive calculator is provided exclusively for preliminary estimation and educational purposes. It is not intended for detailed design or equipment procurement without certified vendor rating. No warranty, expressed or implied, is provided, and no liability is assumed.
Saturation Pressure:
0.1014 MPa (1.014 bar)
Saturation Temperature:
100.0 °C
Liquid Specific Volume (\(v_f\)):
0.001044 m³/kg
Vapor Specific Volume (\(v_g\)):
1.672 m³/kg
Liquid Enthalpy (\(h_f\)):
419.17 kJ/kg
Latent Heat of Vaporization (\(\Delta h\)):
2256.4 kJ/kg
Vapor Enthalpy (\(h_g\)):
2675.6 kJ/kg
Liquid Entropy (\(s_f\)):
1.3072 kJ/(kg·K)
Vapor Entropy (\(s_g\)):
7.3541 kJ/(kg·K)
💡 Practical Plant Engineering Rules of Thumb & Safety Limits
- Velocity Limits in Steam Headers: Saturated steam velocity in plant distribution headers should be maintained below 40 m/s (130 ft/s) to prevent erosion-corrosion and water hammer damage.
- Dryness Fraction Control: Steam delivered to critical heat exchangers or turbine drives must maintain a dryness fraction (\(x\)) \(\ge 0.98\); wet steam accelerates turbine blade pitting and reduces heat transfer coefficients.
- Pressure Drop Allowances: Total frictional pressure drop in main steam distribution loops should not exceed 10% of initial header gauge pressure to maintain adequate equipment operating pressure.
Saturation temperature
| Temp | Pressure | volume (m^3/kg) | enthalpy (kJ/kg) | entropy (kJ/kg.K) | |||||
| deg C | MPa | vliquid | vgas | hliquid | Δh | hgas | sliquid | Δs | sgas |
| 0.01 | 0.0006117 | 0.001000 | 205.99 | 0.00 | 2500.9 | 2500.9 | 0.0000 | 9.1555 | 9.1555 |
| 5 | 0.0008726 | 0.001000 | 147.01 | 21.02 | 2489.1 | 2510.1 | 0.0763 | 8.9485 | 9.0248 |
| 10 | 0.001228 | 0.001000 | 106.30 | 42.02 | 2477.2 | 2519.2 | 0.1511 | 8.7487 | 8.8998 |
| 15 | 0.001706 | 0.001001 | 77.88 | 62.98 | 2465.3 | 2528.3 | 0.2245 | 8.5558 | 8.7803 |
| 20 | 0.002339 | 0.001002 | 57.76 | 83.91 | 2453.5 | 2537.4 | 0.2965 | 8.3695 | 8.6660 |
| 25 | 0.003170 | 0.001003 | 43.34 | 104.83 | 2441.7 | 2546.5 | 0.3672 | 8.1894 | 8.5566 |
| 30 | 0.004247 | 0.001004 | 32.88 | 125.73 | 2429.8 | 2555.5 | 0.4368 | 8.0153 | 8.4520 |
| 35 | 0.005629 | 0.001006 | 25.21 | 146.63 | 2417.9 | 2564.5 | 0.5051 | 7.8466 | 8.3517 |
| 40 | 0.007385 | 0.001008 | 19.52 | 167.53 | 2406.0 | 2573.5 | 0.5724 | 7.6831 | 8.2555 |
| 45 | 0.009595 | 0.001010 | 15.25 | 188.43 | 2394.0 | 2582.4 | 0.6386 | 7.5247 | 8.1633 |
| 50 | 0.01235 | 0.001012 | 12.03 | 209.34 | 2382.0 | 2591.3 | 0.7038 | 7.3710 | 8.0748 |
| 55 | 0.01576 | 0.001015 | 9.564 | 230.26 | 2369.8 | 2600.1 | 0.7680 | 7.2218 | 7.9898 |
| 60 | 0.01995 | 0.001017 | 7.667 | 251.18 | 2357.6 | 2608.8 | 0.8313 | 7.0768 | 7.9081 |
| 65 | 0.02504 | 0.001020 | 6.194 | 272.12 | 2345.4 | 2617.5 | 0.8937 | 6.9360 | 7.8296 |
| 70 | 0.03120 | 0.001023 | 5.040 | 293.07 | 2333.0 | 2626.1 | 0.9551 | 6.7989 | 7.7540 |
| 75 | 0.03860 | 0.001026 | 4.129 | 314.03 | 2320.6 | 2634.6 | 1.0158 | 6.6654 | 7.6812 |
| 80 | 0.04741 | 0.001029 | 3.405 | 335.01 | 2308.0 | 2643.0 | 1.0756 | 6.5355 | 7.6111 |
| 85 | 0.05787 | 0.001032 | 2.826 | 356.01 | 2295.3 | 2651.3 | 1.1346 | 6.4088 | 7.5434 |
| 90 | 0.07018 | 0.001036 | 2.359 | 377.04 | 2282.5 | 2659.5 | 1.1929 | 6.2852 | 7.4781 |
| 95 | 0.08461 | 0.001040 | 1.981 | 398.09 | 2269.5 | 2667.6 | 1.2504 | 6.1647 | 7.4151 |
| 100 | 0.1014 | 0.001044 | 1.672 | 419.17 | 2256.4 | 2675.6 | 1.3072 | 6.0469 | 7.3541 |
| 110 | 0.1434 | 0.001052 | 1.209 | 461.42 | 2229.7 | 2691.1 | 1.4188 | 5.8193 | 7.2381 |
| 120 | 0.1987 | 0.001060 | 0.8912 | 503.81 | 2202.1 | 2705.9 | 1.5279 | 5.6012 | 7.1291 |
| 130 | 0.2703 | 0.001070 | 0.6680 | 546.38 | 2173.7 | 2720.1 | 1.6346 | 5.3918 | 7.0264 |
| 140 | 0.3615 | 0.001080 | 0.5085 | 589.16 | 2144.2 | 2733.4 | 1.7392 | 5.1901 | 6.9293 |
| 150 | 0.4762 | 0.001091 | 0.3925 | 632.18 | 2113.7 | 2745.9 | 1.8418 | 4.9953 | 6.8371 |
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| 160 | 0.6182 | 0.001102 | 0.3068 | 675.47 | 2081.9 | 2757.4 | 1.9426 | 4.8065 | 6.7491 |
| 170 | 0.7922 | 0.001114 | 0.2426 | 719.08 | 2048.8 | 2767.9 | 2.0417 | 4.6233 | 6.6650 |
| 180 | 1.0028 | 0.001127 | 0.1938 | 763.05 | 2014.2 | 2777.2 | 2.1392 | 4.4448 | 6.5840 |
| 190 | 1.2552 | 0.001142 | 0.1564 | 807.43 | 1977.9 | 2785.3 | 2.2355 | 4.2704 | 6.5059 |
| 200 | 1.5549 | 0.001157 | 0.1272 | 852.27 | 1939.7 | 2792.0 | 2.3305 | 4.0997 | 6.4302 |
| 210 | 1.9077 | 0.001173 | 0.1043 | 897.63 | 1899.7 | 2797.3 | 2.4245 | 3.9318 | 6.3563 |
| 220 | 2.3196 | 0.001190 | 0.08609 | 943.58 | 1857.3 | 2800.9 | 2.5177 | 3.7663 | 6.2840 |
| 230 | 2.7971 | 0.001209 | 0.07150 | 990.19 | 1812.7 | 2802.9 | 2.6101 | 3.6027 | 6.2128 |
| 240 | 3.3469 | 0.001230 | 0.05971 | 1037.60 | 1765.4 | 2803.0 | 2.7020 | 3.4403 | 6.1423 |
| 250 | 3.9762 | 0.001252 | 0.05008 | 1085.80 | 1715.1 | 2800.9 | 2.7935 | 3.2786 | 6.0721 |
| 260 | 4.6923 | 0.001276 | 0.04217 | 1135.00 | 1661.6 | 2796.6 | 2.8849 | 3.1167 | 6.0016 |
| 270 | 5.5030 | 0.001303 | 0.03562 | 1185.30 | 1604.4 | 2789.7 | 2.9765 | 2.9539 | 5.9304 |
| 280 | 6.4166 | 0.001333 | 0.03015 | 1236.90 | 1543.0 | 2779.9 | 3.0685 | 2.7894 | 5.8579 |
| 290 | 7.4418 | 0.001366 | 0.02556 | 1290.00 | 1476.7 | 2766.7 | 3.1612 | 2.6222 | 5.7834 |
| 300 | 8.5879 | 0.001404 | 0.02166 | 1345.00 | 1404.6 | 2749.6 | 3.2552 | 2.4507 | 5.7059 |
| 310 | 9.8651 | 0.001448 | 0.01834 | 1402.20 | 1325.7 | 2727.9 | 3.3510 | 2.2734 | 5.6244 |
| 320 | 11.284 | 0.001499 | 0.01547 | 1462.20 | 1238.4 | 2700.6 | 3.4494 | 2.0878 | 5.5372 |
| 330 | 12.858 | 0.001561 | 0.01298 | 1525.90 | 1140.1 | 2666.0 | 3.5518 | 1.8904 | 5.4422 |
| 340 | 14.601 | 0.001638 | 0.01078 | 1594.50 | 1027.3 | 2621.8 | 3.6601 | 1.6755 | 5.3356 |
| 350 | 16.529 | 0.001740 | 0.008802 | 1670.90 | 892.7 | 2563.6 | 3.7784 | 1.4326 | 5.2110 |
| 360 | 18.666 | 0.001895 | 0.006949 | 1761.70 | 719.8 | 2481.5 | 3.9167 | 1.1369 | 5.0536 |
| 370 | 21.044 | 0.002215 | 0.004954 | 1890.70 | 443.8 | 2334.5 | 4.1112 | 0.6900 | 4.8012 |
| 373.95 | 22.064 | 0.003106 | 0.003106 | 2084.30 | 0.0 | 2084.3 | 4.4070 | 0.0 | 4.4070 |
Saturation Pressure
| Pressure | Temp | volume (m^3/kg) | enthalpy (kJ/kg) | entropy (kJ/kg.K) | |||||
| MPa | deg C | vliquid | vgas | hliquid | Δh | hgas | sliquid | Δs | sgas |
| 0.001 | 7.0 | 0.001000 | 129.2 | 29.3 | 2484.4 | 2513.7 | 0.1059 | 8.8690 | 8.9749 |
| 0.0012 | 9.7 | 0.001000 | 108.7 | 40.6 | 2478.0 | 2518.6 | 0.1460 | 8.7623 | 8.9082 |
| 0.0014 | 12.0 | 0.001001 | 93.90 | 50.3 | 2472.5 | 2522.8 | 0.1802 | 8.6720 | 8.8521 |
| 0.0016 | 14.0 | 0.001001 | 82.74 | 58.8 | 2467.7 | 2526.5 | 0.2100 | 8.5935 | 8.8035 |
| 0.0018 | 15.8 | ||||||||